The short term responses to exercise and changes in the body | Physical education

Starter quiz

Which of the following substances are produced more quickly in the body during strenuous exercise?

carbon dioxide ✓

lactic acid ✓

oxygen

nitrogen
Match the following to the correct body system.

heart

⇔

cardiac system ✓

alveoli

⇔

respiratory system ✓

arteries

⇔

circulatory system ✓

biceps

⇔

muscular system ✓

ulna

⇔

skeletal system ✓
Which of the following is incorrect about why our heart rate and breathing rate remain elevated during recovery?

to flush lactic acid out of the body

to recover the oxygen debt

to remove any remaining carbon dioxide

to load the muscles up with fresh oxygen supplies

to reduce oxygen consumption quickly after exercise ✓
Match up the following key terms with the correct definition.

heart rate

⇔

the number of times you heart beats per minute ✓

stroke volume

⇔

the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction ✓

cardiac output

⇔

the volume of blood pumped per minute by each ventricle of the heart ✓

breathing rate

⇔

the number of breaths taken in a minute ✓

tidal volume

⇔

the amount of air entering the lungs during normal inhalation at rest ✓
Which of the following is the correct definition of aerobic respiration?

use of oxygen for the duration of the exercise, usually at moderate intensity ✓

high intensity exercise which does not allow for the predominant usage of oxygen

exercise with no oxygen present
When we cross the anaerobic threshold due to high intensity exercise, ______ is produced in the muscles.

'lactic acid' ✓

Exit quiz

What happens to muscle temperature when we start to exercise?

it decreases

it stays the same

it increases ✓
Which of the following statements is incorrect as a response to a gentle jog?

heart rate increases

stroke volume increases

cardiac output increases

breathing rate increases

inspiratory reserve volume increases ✓
Which one of the following types of exercise will result in the greatest production of lactic acid?

a gentle jog

a long distance swim

submaximal cycling

maximal effort sprints ✓
Increased blood is redistributed to working muscles due to the ______ shunt mechanism.

'vascular' ✓
Match up the following descriptions of what happens to the redistribution of blood when we exercise.

vasoconstriction

⇔

of arteries supplying the digestive system to reduce blood flow ✓

vasodilation

⇔

of arteries supplying the working muscles to increase blood flow ✓
Gaseous exchange happens faster during exercise because there is a ______ difference in concentration of oxygen in the alveoli compared to the bloodstream.

'bigger' ✓

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Lesson Details

Key learning points

Short-term effects of exercise on the circulatory system include increased heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output.
Blood is redistributed to the working muscles in response to exercise to deliver more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Respiratory rate, tidal volume and minute ventilation all increase in response to exercise.
Our muscles increase in temperature when we exercise.
Lactic acid is produced when we exercise at higher intensities.

Common misconception

Pupils often mix up what changes happen in response to exercise and what changes happen as a long term adaptation to training.

Short-term responses of the body are what happens as soon as we start exercising to cope with it, but if we train regularly, then the body adapts to be better able to cope with the stress of exercise and hence work more efficiently in performance.

Keywords

Lactic acid - a waste product produced in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise where he anaerobic energy system is in use
Fatigue - muscle tiredness when the body has a lack of energy
Rate of recovery - the speed at which the body returns back to normal after exercise
Redistribution of blood - when you exercise, the blood is diverted from inactive areas to the muscles that are being used. This action is completed through vasodilation and vasoconstriction (aka the vascular shunt mechanism)