Muscles and antagonistic pairs | Physical education | Quizalize & Oak National Academy

Starter quiz

Which of the following is an example of a ball and socket joint?

elbow

knee

ankle

hip ✓
Which of the following is not possible at the elbow joint?

flexion

extension

abduction ✓

adduction ✓

circumduction ✓
When you increase the angle at a joint it is known as ...

'extension' ✓
Which of the following statements correctly identifies the movements possible at a ball and socket joint?

flexion and extension ✓

abduction and adduction ✓

rotation and circumduction ✓

plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
Movement away from the midline of the body is known as ...

'abduction' ✓
Match the following synovial joint features with their function

flexion

⇔

the knee joint when preparing to kick a ball ✓

extension

⇔

the elbow joint when executing and following through a basketball shot ✓

abduction

⇔

lifting the shoulder up to the side to save a shot going high right ✓

adduction

⇔

standing with feet together before a gymnastics routine ✓

rotation

⇔

looking to the side to breathe when swimming front crawl ✓

Exit quiz

Which connective tissue attaches muscle to bone?

ligaments

tendons ✓

cartilage

synovial fluid
Which muscle has been highlighted?

quadriceps

gastrocnemius ✓

hamstrings

gluteals
Which muscle has been highlighted?

'abdominals ' ✓
The biceps and triceps muscles are an example of an ______.

'antagonistic pair' ✓
What do we call the contracting muscle in an antagonistic pair?

'agonist ' ✓
Which muscles work together in antagonistic pairs?

biceps

⇔

triceps ✓

quadriceps

⇔

hamstring ✓

abdominals

⇔

gluteals ✓

deltoid

⇔

latissimus dorsi ✓

Worksheet

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Lesson Details

Key learning points

The upper body contains muscles such as the deltiod, biceps, triceps, pectorals and abdominals and latissimus dorsi.
The lower body contains muscles such as the gluteals, quadriceps, hamstrings and gastrocnemius.
Muscles are attached to bones by tendons.
Muscles contract and relax to move bones in antagonistic pairs.
As one muscle contracts (agonist/prime mover), the other relaxes (antagonist).

Common misconception

Muscles can pull and push.

Muscles are only able to pull, they work in antagonistic pairs so one muscle can contract to create a movement whilst the other relaxes in opposition and then their roles are reversed to move back.

Keywords

Agonist - the muscle or group of muscles that works to create the movement
Antagonist - the muscle that works in the opposite way of the agonist
Fixator - a muscle which acts as the stabiliser and helps the agonist work effectively
Antagonistic pair - a pair of muscles that work together to produce movement - one contracts whilst the other relaxes
Tendon - a tough yet flexible band of fibrous tissue tissue that attaches muscle to bone