Blood vessels and blood cells | Physical education | Quizalize & Oak National Academy

Starter quiz

The heart operates as a double circulatory system. This means:

it beats twice every minute.

it has two circuits - one that supplies blood to the arms and one to the legs.

there are two loops - one to the lungs and one to the rest of the body. ✓

it works in tandem with the respiratory system to circulate blood.
The ______ circuit transports blood to the body tissues to supply oxygen and delivers deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

'systemic' ✓
Name the chamber identified in red in the image below.

left atrium

left ventricle

right atrium ✓

right ventricle
Match the following components of the circulatory system.

pulmonary vein

⇔

carries oxygenated blood back from the lungs ✓

tricuspid valve

⇔

situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle ✓

left atrium

⇔

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs ✓

left ventricle

⇔

pumps blood out into the aorta ✓

right atrium

⇔

receives deoxygenated blood from the body ✓

right ventricle

⇔

pumps blood to the lungs to pick up fresh oxygen supplies ✓
The ______ is the muscular wall in that divides the left and right sides of the heart.

'septum' ✓
Veins contain special pocket ______ to help prevent the backflow of blood.

'valves' ✓

Exit quiz

Which of the following blood vessels carries blood away from the heart?

artery ✓

capillary

vein

atria
The only vein carrying oxygenated blood is the ______ vein.

'pulmonary' ✓
Which of the following is *not* true?

Arteries have a thick muscular wall.

Capillary walls are one cell thick.

Gaseous exchange occurs in the capillaries.

Blood is pumped at high pressure in veins. ✓

Veins have pocket valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
Red blood cells carry ______ in the haemoglobin.

'oxygen' ✓
Match up the following blood vessels and constituents of the blood with their main function.

red blood cells

⇔

carry oxygen ✓

white blood cells

⇔

fight infection ✓

platelets

⇔

clot the blood ✓

plasma

⇔

makes up the majority of the blood volume to help it flow ✓

arteries

⇔

carry blood away from the heart at high pressure ✓

capillaries

⇔

enable gaseous exchange due to being one cell thick ✓
Place the following sequence of events in the order they happen from air entering the lungs.

1

⇔

Oxygen enters the bloodstream by binding to haemoglobin.

2

⇔

Blood travels back from the lungs to the heart in veins.

3

⇔

Blood is pumped out of the heart in arteries.

4

⇔

Gaseous exchange happens at capillaries for oxygen to enter the muscles.

5

⇔

Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart in veins.

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Lesson Details

Key learning points

Arteries carry blood away from the heart at high pressure. They have thick walls and a smaller lumen.
Veins carry blood back to the heart. They have thinner walls and contain valves to prevent backflow.
Capillaries facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.
Red blood cells transport oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients.
White blood cells fight infections whilst platelets enable blood clotting and plasma makes up the main blood volume.

Common misconception

Arteries always carry oxygenated blood.

The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood as it is pumped back to the lungs to be re-oxygenated. Consequently, the pulmonary vein is the only vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood.

Keywords

Arteries - blood vessels with a small lumen and thick muscular walls that carry blood away from the heart
Veins - blood vessels with a wide lumen and pocket valves that carry blood back towards the heart
Capillaries - thin (one cell thick) blood vessels that allow exchange of materials (oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients) between the blood and the tissues of the body
Red blood cells - oxygen carrying cells containing haemoglobin
White blood cells - blood cells responsible for fighting infection