Changes of state: energy and evaporation | Science | Quizalize & Oak National Academy

Starter quiz

Which state of matter has no fixed shape, but a definite volume and can flow?
- a, liquid ✓
- b, solid
- c, gas
The ______ point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas.
- 'boiling' ✓
Which state has the weakest forces of attraction between the particles?
- solid
- liquid
- gas ✓
Which state of matter undergoes a change in volume when compressed?
- solid
- liquid
- gas ✓
The two beakers below, with the same volume of water in each, were left in a room. Select all the true statements about Beaker A.
- Dries up first.
- Smaller surface area of water. ✓
- Less particles at the surface in touch with the air. ✓
- Wider than the other beaker.
- The water is spread out over a greater area.
It is winter. The bird bath in the school garden needs refilling. Some primary children discuss whether evaporation could be the reason that the bird bath is empty. Which reason is correct?
- The sun is not powerful enough to dry up the the bird bath in the winter.
- The sun evaporates the water in the summer but cannot in winter.
- There are still sunny days in the winter which can dry up the bird bath.
- Water can still evaporate even if the weather is not sunny. ✓

Order the states of matter from lowest to highest energy.
- 1
  
  ⇔
  
  solid
- 2
  
  ⇔
  
  liquid
- 3
  
  ⇔
  
  gas
Water can evaporate at temperatures lower than 100℃.
- True ✓
- False
What happens to the energy of a substance when it changes from a gas to a liquid?
- It decreases. ✓
- It increases.
- It remains the same.
When changing from the solid to liquid to gas state, ______ is required to overcome forces of attraction between particles.
- 'energy' ✓
Which two substances are commonly used in thermometers and can change state at fairly low temperatures?
- water
- mercury ✓
- alcohol ✓
- salt solution
Some students are revising the differences between boiling and evaporating, and they mix up their revision cards. Select all the statements below that are about evaporation.
- A liquid is heated and the volume reduces, but no bubbles of gas form. ✓
- Some spilt water dries in a cold room. ✓
- A process that can take place at any temperature above melting point. ✓
- Cooking pasta in a pot of water that is producing a lot of bubbles of gas.
- Forming a gas from a liquid, but a specific temperature needs to be reached.

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States of matter can have differing amounts of energy.
Solid states have the least energy, gas states have the most energy.
A substance in its liquid state can evaporate at temperatures below its boiling point.
The hotter the water, the more quickly it evaporates.
Water evaporates at temperatures that are lower than 100℃.

Evaporation only occurs above the boiling point of a substance.

Give examples of substances other than water.

Energy - Particles gain or lose energy when a substance changes state.
Evaporation - When a particle of a substance in the liquid state at the surface, has enough energy to change to the gas state and mix with air.
Evaporation rate - The evaporation rate is a measure of how quickly a substance evaporates.
Alcohol - Ethanol is a type of alcohol that has a higher evaporation rate than water.