Levers, mechanical advantage and disadvantage | Physical education

Starter quiz

Where in the body would you find a hinge joint?

shoulder

knee ✓

hip

ankle ✓

wrist
Which one of the following bones articulates at the elbow joint?

scapula

humerus ✓

femur

tibia
Match the bones to the correct location in the body.

shoulder

⇔

scapula and humerus ✓

elbow

⇔

humerus, radius and ulna ✓

hip

⇔

pelvis and femur ✓

knee

⇔

femur and tibia ✓
Which movement causes the angle at a joint to decrease?

flexion ✓

extension

plantarflexion

adduction

rotation
The shoulder is an example of a ball and socket joint. Where else in the body would you find a ball and socket joint?

'hip' ✓
Name the muscle in the back of the lower leg in this image.

quadriceps

hamstrings

gastrocnemius ✓

tibilais anterior

hip flexor

The seesaw is an example of which lever system?

1st class lever ✓

2nd class lever

3rd class lever
Match the shape to the correct component of a lever.

lever arm

⇔

horizontal line ✓

fulcrum

⇔

triangle ✓

load (resistance)

⇔

square ✓

effort

⇔

arrow ✓
Which lever component would be in the middle of a third class lever system?

fulcrum

effort ✓

load

lever arm
Which image demonstrates a 3rd class lever system?
The load is positioned in the middle of which lever system?

first class lever

second class lever ✓

third class lever
In a second class lever, the effort arm is shorter than the load arm and therefore at a mechanical ...

'advantage' ✓

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In our bodies, levers are made from bones, joints and muscles working together.
A lever consists of a fulcrum (joint), the effort (muscle creating the movement) and the load (weight or resistance).
There are three lever systems in the human body.
A lever can operate with both mechanical advanatge or mechanical disadvantage,

When drawing levers, the body part needs to be included.

A lever will always be drawn using four shapes.

Lever - a lever arm (bone) that rotates or pivots around a fixed point (fulcrum) when a force (effort) is applied to move a resistance (load)
Fulcrum - the fixed point around which a lever pivots or rotates
Effort - the force applied to a lever to move a load
Load - the resistance that a lever is designed to move
Mechanical advantage - 2nd class levers allow a large load to be moved with a relatively small amount of muscular effort