Starter quiz
- Where does air enter the body?
- the trachea
- the alveoli
- the nose and mouth ✓
- the ears
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- The process of switching oxygen for carbon dioxide is known as ______ exchange.
- 'gaseous' ✓
- Match the following key terms with the correct description.
- trachea⇔the windpipe that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi ✓
- bronchi⇔two main branches off the trachea that lead to the lungs ✓
- bronchioles⇔further subdivisions of bronchi ✓
- alveoli⇔tiny air sacs in the lungs where gaseous exchange occurs ✓
- Which of the following does not describe the process of diffusion?
- particles spreading out
- the movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration
- gases moving from high to low partial pressure
- air being forced out of the body by blowing hard ✓
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- Arrange these body parts in the correct order of inhaled air starting at the atmosphere.
- 1⇔nose and mouth
- 2⇔trachea
- 3⇔bronchi
- 4⇔bronchioles
- 5⇔alveoli
- Gaseous exchange happens between the ______ and the bloodstream thanks to large capillary networks.
- 'alveoli' ✓
Exit quiz
- Which of the following terms refers to breathing in?
- exhale
- expire
- perspire
- inspire ✓
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- What happens as we breathe in?
- the ribs move up and out while the diaphragm flattens down. ✓
- the ribs move down and in while the diaphragm flattens down.
- the ribs move down and in while the diaphragm moves into a dome.
- the ribs move up and out while the diaphragm moves into a dome.
-
- Another word for inhale is ...
- 'inspire' ✓
- Match the following key terms with the correct description.
- inspiratory reserve volume⇔additional air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal breath in ✓
- expiratory reserve volume⇔additional air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation ✓
- tidal volume⇔the volume of air breathed in or out during normal breathing ✓
- vital capacity⇔maximum amount of air a person can exhale after a maximum inhalation ✓
- residual volume⇔the volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation ✓
- minute ventilation⇔the total volume of gas inhaled or exhaled by the lungs per minute ✓
- Arrange these key processes in the correct order to represent what happens when we breathe in.
- 1⇔the intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract.
- 2⇔the ribs move up and out whilst diaphragm moves down and flattens.
- 3⇔the chest cavity volume increases.
- 4⇔the chest cavity pressure decreases.
- 5⇔air rushes into the lungs from the atmosphere.
- 6⇔gaseous exchange occurs at the alveoli.
- Match these typical lung volumes with what they are most likely to represent.
- 15⇔number of breaths per minute at rest ✓
- 500 ml⇔amount of air breathed in at rest per breath (i.e. tidal volume in ml) ✓
- 7.5 litres⇔volume of air breathed in at rest per minute (i.e. minute ventilation) ✓
- 40⇔example of breathing rate whilst jogging in breaths per minute ✓
- 100 litres⇔volume of air breathed in during a jog (i.e. minute ventilation) ✓
Worksheet
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Presentation
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Video
Lesson Details
Key learning points
- During inhalation the intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract to expand the thoracic cavity volume so air rushes in.
- During exhalation the intercostal muscles relax, the rib cage returns to its resting position and air is expelled.
- A spirometer trace is a graphical representation of lung volume changes over time during breathing.
Common misconception
Tidal volume is the amount of air breathed in and out per breath and the lungs completely empty of air when we expire.
Tidal volume is the volume of air breathed in or out per breadth and it increases during exercise to enable more air and hence exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to occur. A residual volume of air always remains in the lungs to keep them inflated.
Keywords
Inhalation - the process of breathing in air by expanding the lung volume
Exhalation - the process of breathing out air by reducing the lung volume
Tidal volume - the volume of air breathed in or out during normal breathing
Vital capacity - the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after a maximum inhalation
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