Starter quiz
- Where does air enter the body?
- the trachea
- the alveoli
- the nose and mouth ✓
- the ears
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- The process of switching oxygen for carbon dioxide is known as ______ exchange.
- 'gaseous' ✓
- Match the following key terms with the correct description.
- trachea⇔the windpipe that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi ✓
- bronchi⇔two main branches off the trachea that lead to the lungs ✓
- bronchioles⇔further subdivisions of bronchi ✓
- alveoli⇔tiny air sacs in the lungs where gaseous exchange occurs ✓
- Which of the following does not describe the process of diffusion?
- particles spreading out
- the movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration
- gases moving from high to low partial pressure
- air being forced out of the body by blowing hard ✓
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- Arrange these body parts in the correct order of inhaled air starting at the atmosphere.
- 1⇔nose and mouth
- 2⇔trachea
- 3⇔bronchi
- 4⇔bronchioles
- 5⇔alveoli
- Gaseous exchange happens between the ______ and the bloodstream thanks to large capillary networks.
- 'alveoli' ✓
Exit quiz
- Which of the following terms refers to breathing in?
- exhale
- expire
- perspire
- inspire ✓
- inhale ✓
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- What happens as we breathe in?
- the ribs move up and out while the diaphragm flattens down. ✓
- the ribs move down and in while the diaphragm flattens down.
- the ribs move down and in while the diaphragm moves into a dome.
- the ribs move up and out while the diaphragm moves into a dome.
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- The ______ muscles help pull the rib cage down and in faster when exhaling during exercise.
- 'pectoral' ✓
- Match the following key terms with the correct description.
- inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)⇔additional air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal breath in ✓
- expiratory reserve volume (ERV)⇔additional air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation ✓
- tidal volume (TV)⇔the volume of air breathed in or out during normal breathing ✓
- residual volume (RV)⇔the volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation ✓
- Arrange these key processes in the correct order to represent what happens when we breathe in.
- 1⇔the intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract.
- 2⇔the ribs move up and out whilst diaphragm moves down and flattens.
- 3⇔the chest cavity volume increases.
- 4⇔the chest cavity pressure decreases.
- 5⇔air rushes into the lungs from the atmosphere.
- 6⇔gaseous exchange occurs at the alveoli.
- Which of the following additional muscles are recruited to aid expiration during exercise?
- sternocleidomastoid
- pectorals
- abdominals ✓
- intercostals
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Worksheet
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Video
Lesson Details
Key learning points
- During inhalation the intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract to expand the thoracic cavity volume, so air rushes in.
- During exhalation the intercostal muscles relax, the rib cage returns to its resting position and air is expelled.
- During exercise the lungs can expand more using the pectoralls and sternocleidmastoid.
- Expiration is aided by the abdominals pulling the ribs down quicker to force air out.
- A spirometer trace is a graphical representation of lung volume changes over time during breathing.
Common misconception
Tidal volume is the amount of air breathed in and out per breath and the lungs completely empty of air when we expire.
Tidal volume is the volume of air breathed in or out per breadth and it increases during exercise to enable more air and hence exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to occur. A residual volume of air always remains in the lungs to keep them inflated.
Keywords
Tidal volume - the volume of air breathed in or out during normal breathing
Inspiratory reserve volume - the additional volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation
Expiratory reserve volume - the additional volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation
Residual volume - the amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
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