Starter quiz
- To sit somewhere and refuse to move as a form of protest is know as a ______
- 'sit-in' ✓
- To ______ means to stop people being separated or kept apart by force.
- 'Desegregate' ✓
- Starting with the earliest, place these events into chronological order.
- 1⇔Four black students sit at a ‘white-only’ lunch counter in Woolworth’s.
- 2⇔300 students join the sit-in at Woolworth’s, Greensboro.
- 3⇔Sit-ins spread to 55 cities across 13 states.
- 4⇔Dining facilities across the south were being desegregated.
- Which organisation was founded at Shaw University, North Carolina, in 1960?
- SCLC
- CORE
- SNCC ✓
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- In which two of the following events did SNCC play a leading role?
- Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-6)
- Greensboro sit-in (1960)
- Freedom Rides (1961) ✓
- Freedom Summer (1963) ✓
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- Which organisation did Stokely Carmichael and some other leaders of SNCC join in the late 1960s?
- SCLC
- Black Power ✓
- NAACP
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Exit quiz
- ______ is when a service exists between states.
- 'Interstate' ✓
- What was the outcome of the Supreme Court upholding the Boynton v. Virginia case?
- all schools were to desegregate
- all interstate transport facilities were to desegregate ✓
- transport services across the south were to desegregate
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- Why did the Freedom Riders have no police protection when they arrived in Birmingham?
- ‘Bull’ Connor gave all police officers the day off. ✓
- No one knew what time they were arriving.
- The Freedom Riders had said they did not need it.
-
- Which President sent in US troops to protect the Freedom Riders?
- Kennedy ✓
- Johnson
- Eisenhower
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- By how much did membership of CORE increase following the Freedom Rides?
- It doubled. ✓
- It increased one and a half times.
- It increased three times.
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- In which area was one of the buses was firebombed by a mob of nearly 200 racist white Americans?
- Anniston, Alabama ✓
- Washington DC
- South Carolina
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Lesson Details
Key learning points
- In 1960, the Supreme Court had ordered interstate bus terminals and stations to desegregate.
- CORE, SNCC and the SCLC came together to organise Freedom Rides to see whether this ruling was being carried out.
- The Freedom Riders were an integrated group who faced extreme violence on their journey.
- Violent opposition was supported and enabled by the KKK, police chiefs and the FBI.
- The Freedom Rides were considered a success by most as they raised awareness of the civil rights movement.
Common misconception
The increased success of the direct action in the 1960s was the result of minimal opposition.
Direct action in the 1960s was increasingly successful because of the increased opposition that was captured by national and international news reporters.
Keywords
Interstate - interstate is when a service exists between states - for example, buses travelling between states
Direct action - direct action is the use of demonstrations or protest to achieve a goal, rather than negotiation
Integrated - integrated groups are groups with both black and white Americans
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