Starter quiz
- Stigand was replaced as Archbishop of ______ by Lanfranc.
- 'Canterbury' ✓
- At the Council of ______ in 1070, clergy were banned from getting married.
- 'Winchester' ✓
- In 1070, at the Council of Winchester, Thomas, the Archbishop of ______, formally recognised the primacy of Canterbury, which meant that he swore to obey Lanfranc as the head of the English Church.
- 'York' ✓
- In 1072, __________ were introduced in dioceses.
- archdeacons
- archbishops
- prelates ✓
- monasteries
-
- William I allowed hardly any Anglo-Saxon prelates to remain in their positions; by ______, only one Anglo-Saxon bishop remained.
- '1080' ✓
- As part of William's reforms to the Church, he ruled that all legal cases involving clergy should be heard in ______ courts.
- 'Church' ✓
Exit quiz
- The head of the Christian Church in the medieval period was the...
- 'pope' ✓
- Which statement is correct?
- The pope supported William's reforms to the Church in England. ✓
- The pope opposed William's reforms to the Church in England.
- The pope ignored William's reforms to the Church in England.
-
- What did William I refuse to do, damaging his relationship with the pope?
- Travel to Rome and 'do fealty' ✓
- Phe Petr's Pence tax
- Give archbishops a pallium
-
- What motivated William II to leave important Church positions unfilled?
- Reasons to do with money ✓
- Religious reasons
- Political reasons
-
- Which statement best describes William II's relationship with Anselm?
- He appointed him as Archbishop of Canterbury but later tried to remove him. ✓
- He removed him as Archbishop of Canterbury when he became king.
- He appointed him as Archbishop of Canterbury and worked well with him.
-
- A compromise over investiture was reached in 1107 with the Concordat of...
- 'London' ✓
Worksheet
Presentation
Video
Lesson Details
Key learning points
- The crown and the Church were separate institutions.
- There was a contemporary debate about royal involvement in the Church.
- William I and Lanfranc cooperated on Church matters.
- William II and Anselm argued over Church matters.
- Henry I and Anselm argued over investiture.
Common misconception
The controversies and conflicts between the crown and the Church were specific to Norman England.
In fact, the controversies and conflicts between the Church and the crown happened in many kingdoms in Europe, and were more severe than in England in particular cases, especially the Holy Roman Empire.
Keywords
Secular - the opposite of sacred; a part of life that is not to do with the Church or religion
Papacy - the office of the pope and the pope's authority over the Church
Pallium - a vestment (piece of clothing) given by the pope to newly-appointed bishops and archbishops
Papal legate - the pope's personal representative, sent by the pope from Rome on a mission to another country
Investiture controversy - a conflict between the Church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to select and install (invest) bishops and abbots