Starter quiz
- Which word describes a covered walkway enclosing a large open courtyard, found in a religious building?
- 'cloister' ✓
- Which word describes the chapel in which a shrine is located?
- 'feretory' ✓
- Why did the Norman reformers replace the Anglo-Saxon clergy with monks from Jarrow monastery at Durham Cathedral?
- To increase the number of secular clergy who could manage financial affairs
- To ensure the clergy were celibate and lived a monastic lifestyle ✓
- To allow bishops to be free to marry and have children
- To install clergy who were willing to accept donations from pilgrims
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- What was the primary purpose of the black line inlaid into the floor of the Galilee Chapel?
- To designate the area where only women were allowed to enter ✓
- To mark the boundary where the monks' chants could be heard more clearly
- To separate the shrine of St Cuthbert from the rest of the cathedral
- To indicate the area where pilgrims were required to make a donation
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- Match the following descriptions with the correct features or individuals related to Durham Cathedral.
- Chapel of the Nine Altars⇔Built in the 13th century at the cathedral’s east end ✓
- St Cuthbert's shrine⇔Lavishly decorated shrine built with green marble and gold ✓
- William of Saint Calais⇔Appointed as Bishop of Durham after Walcher’s murder in 1080 ✓
- Cathedral staff⇔Accepted donations, assisted with prayers and guided pilgrims ✓
- Which practices were associated with the shrine of St Cuthbert at Durham Cathedral?
- Pilgrims could touch the relics directly as they approached the shrine
- Gifts and offerings were displayed around the shrine ✓
- Pilgrims followed a set path to view the shrine and were guided by staff ✓
- Pilgrims were allowed to spend the night next to the shrine
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Exit quiz
- Which word describes the crime of secretly taking money that is in your care or that belongs to an organisation or business you work for?
- 'embezzlement' ✓
- Complete the sentence: Ranulf Flambard managed many abbeys and ______, however, he was unpopular with the clergy.
- 'bishoprics' ✓
- Why did William II's trial of Bishop William of Saint-Calais increase tensions between the Church and the monarchy?
- The trial was conducted in a Church court, contrary to the king’s wishes.
- The trial was held in a secular court, which Pope Urban II disapproved of. ✓
- The Bishop of Saint-Calais was found innocent and reinstated immediately.
- The king appointed a new Archbishop of Canterbury during the trial.
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- Which action by William II demonstrated his control over the Church?
- He appointed a new Archbishop of Canterbury immediately after Lanfranc’s death.
- He personally oversaw the trial of the Bishop of Saint-Calais in a Church court.
- He delayed appointing new bishops to benefit financially from vacant estates. ✓
- He constructed a new cathedral in Durham despite the pope's objections.
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- How did Ranulf Flambard manage to escape from the Tower of London?
- He bribed his guards to let him out secretly.
- He disguised himself as a guard and walked out during a shift change.
- He was freed by a group of loyal knights who stormed the tower.
- He used a rope smuggled in wine to climb down the tower wall. ✓
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- Put the following events in chronological order.
- 1⇔William II was killed in a hunting accident in the New Forest
- 2⇔Henry I quickly claimed the throne
- 3⇔Henry I imprisoned Flambard in the Tower of London
- 4⇔Flambard became the first inmate and the first escapee of the Tower
- 5⇔Flambard became an advisor to Henry's brother, Robert Curthose
- 6⇔Flambard was found guilty of simony
- 7⇔Flambard was pardoned
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Lesson Details
Key learning points
- William II was more willing to go against the Church and removed William St Calais and Bishop of Durham.
- William II and Flambard reveal how the relationship between the Church and monarchy could be used for power and money.
- Henry I imprisoned Ranulf Flambard in the Tower of London for embezzlement.
- Flambard escaped and joined Robert Curthose's invasion of England.
- Flambard was restored as bishop and is buried in Durham Cathedral's chapter house alongside William Saint-Calais.
Common misconception
Once a bishop is removed or exiled, they are effectively cancelled from the English nobility forever.
In fact, William Saint Calais and Ranulf Flambard were both restored to their bishoprics after being removed.
Keywords
Embezzlement - the crime of secretly taking money that is in your care or that belongs to an organisation or business you work for
Bishopric - an area for which one bishop is directly responsible
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