Starter quiz
- Which word describes the group in a society who are at the top of the social hierarchy with power and authority?
- 'elites' ✓
- Which of the below did Toussaint L’Ouverture not attempt to do during his time as the official French governor of Saint-Domingue?
- re-stabilise the economy
- reinstate enslavement ✓
- meet with foreign leaders
- restart agricultural production
- maintain economic and political ties with France
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- Britain was worried about slave revolts spreading around the Caribbean. Which two territories were they worried about in particular?
- Jamaica ✓
- France
- Hong Kong
- India
- Barbados ✓
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- Match the key features of the Haitian Revolution with the correct descriptions.
- governor⇔the title given to Toussaint L’Ouverture after the revolt ✓
- emancipation⇔enslaved people gaining their freedom ✓
- Saint-Domingue⇔French colony on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean ✓
- grands blancs⇔the French elites who rules Saint-Domingue ✓
- Santo Domingo⇔Spanish colony on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean ✓
- abolition⇔the outlawing of enslavement by a government ✓
- Which method of warfare did L’Ouverture’s troops use?
- ‘hit and run’ guerilla warfare ✓
- open warfare on flat terrain
- naval warfare fighting at sea
- air warfare using planes
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- Complete the following sentence: Saint-Domingue was France's most profitable colony in the ...
- 'Caribbean' ✓
Exit quiz
- What did Toussaint L’Ouverture do when he learned of Napoleon’s plan to reinstate slavery in 1802?
- He became an enemy of Napoleon and declared independence for Haiti.
- He declared a new slavery law for Saint-Domingue.
- He declared a new constitution for Saint-Domingue and prepared for independence. ✓
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- Put the below events in chronological order, starting with the earliest.
- 1⇔Napoleon reinstated slavery across the French Empire.
- 2⇔French troops under the command of Charles Leclerc were sent to Saint-Domingue.
- 3⇔Leclerc won some initial victories and captured part of the colony.
- 4⇔L'Ouverture was betrayed, captured and imprisoned in Fort de Joux in France.
- What nationality were the portion of Leclerc's troops who switched sides to fight for the rebels against France?
- 'Polish' ✓
- Jean-Jacques Dessalines carried on the fight for the rebels after the capture of Toussaint L'Ouverture. Which one of the statements below is accurate?
- Napoleon withdrew in late 1803 and Saint-Domingue became independent in 1804. ✓
- Napoleon withdrew in late 1813 and Saint-Domingue became independent in 1814.
- Napoleon withdrew in late 1823 and Saint-Domingue became independent in 1824.
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- Complete the following sentence: Saint-Domingue had been France's most profitable colony in the ______ during the 18th century.
- Far East
- Southern Hemisphere
- European Peninsula
- Caribbean ✓
- Middle East
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- What was the name of the key lieutenant who took over from Toussaint L'Ouverture when he was captured by the French?
- Jean-Jacques Desailly
- Jean-Jacques Dessalines ✓
- Jean-Jacques Deseray
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Lesson Details
Key learning points
- In 1801, Saint-Domingue's governor L'Ouverture issued a new constitution demanding their total independence from France.
- Napoleon Bonaparte, having seized power in France, wanted to re-establish French control over Saint-Domingue.
- French troops betrayed a truce and captured L'Ouverture, reinstating slavery wherever they had control on the island.
- The fight continued and, with the help of Napoleon's Polish troops who switched sides, the rebels drove the French out.
- In 1804, Saint-Domingue was proclaimed a free country and renamed Haiti.
Common misconception
Sait-Domingue was independent from France under Toussaint L'Ouverture's leadership
Toussaint L'Ouverture was technically the French Governor of Saint-Domingue due to his leadership during the slave uprising there during the 1790s. His attempt to establish the colony as a free country though in 1801 was a step too far for Napoleon.
Keywords
Elites - the group of people at the top of the social hierarchy with power and authority
Galvanised - the strengthening of a person’s determination
Lieutenants - the people that support the leader or general of an army
Grands blancs - the elites of French origin in the colony of Saint-Domingue, home of the Haitian Revolution
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