Starter quiz
- What is secondary data?
- Data that is collected first-hand in the field.
- Data that has been collected by someone else, usually beforehand. ✓
- Data that is mostly made up of numbers.
- Data that is mostly made up of text.
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- Data which is an ______ tells geographers how someone feels about a geographical issue.
- 'opinion' ✓
- Which of the following features appear in a well-designed scoring survey?
- A numerical scale (such as 1 to 5). ✓
- An evaluation of how the survey was completed.
- Negative and positive descriptors. ✓
- A detailed description of the place being surveyed.
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- There are four common ways of recording questionnaire and survey data. These are opinions, scores, measurements and ______.
- 'counts' ✓
- Match the activity to the most likely location.
- A woodland⇔Measuring natural carbon storage in a tree. ✓
- A road junction⇔Measuring air pollution. ✓
- A beach⇔Measuring wind direction and strength. ✓
- A patch of soil⇔Measuring infiltration. ✓
- Which of the following statements are true?
- Opinion data should be used with caution in a fieldwork enquiry.
- Primary data is a lot more important than secondary data in a fieldwork enquiry.
- All data collected during fieldwork should help answer the enquiry question. ✓
- Qualitative data gives contextual information about quantitative data answers.
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Exit quiz
- What is stratified sampling?
- Choosing a sample with no pattern or technique in mind.
- Choosing a sample that is representative of the whole population. ✓
- Choosing a sample according to a strict pattern.
- Choosing a sample along an imaginary line in the landscape.
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- Match the dimension measurement to the feature one might be studying.
- Length⇔The size of the beach from the sea to the cliff face. ✓
- Gradient⇔How the steepness of the hill changes from bottom to top. ✓
- Depth⇔The distance between the river bed and the water’s surface. ✓
- Height⇔The difference in the size of trees of different ages. ✓
- To measure vegetation cover, geographers place a ______ on the ground and count the number of squares which include vegetation.
- 'quadrat' ✓
- Which of the following statements is true?
- Stratified sampling is the most accurate data as it is representative.
- Random sampling creates the largest sets of data.
- The best sampling strategy is the one that creates the best conclusions. ✓
- Sampling is a way of selecting the best and most unbiased data.
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Worksheet
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Lesson Details
Key learning points
- Geographers use different techniques to sample data during fieldwork.
- There are a variety of ways that we can measure the morphology (shape) of the land.
- There are a variety of ways that we can measure the characteristics of the land.
Common misconception
Systematic and stratified sampling are 'better' than a random sampling strategy.
There is no hierarchy of effectiveness in sampling strategies. The best strategy to use depends on the dynamics of the location, the size of the overall population of data, and what geographical conclusions one hopes to be able to make from the data.
Keywords
Sampling - the process of selecting a sample of data to study from a much larger population of data
Sample - a selection of data from a much bigger data population
Sample size - the number of individual pieces of data that are studied in a geographical enquiry
Bias - an unfair favouritism for or against something
Transect - an imaginary line along which samples of data are collected
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