Starter quiz
- What should you aim to achieve in the introduction of a speech?
- grab the audience's attention ✓
- include a catchy, memorable slogan
- state your argument clearly
- include lots of statistics and evidence to support your ideas
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- What is direct address?
- a prompt urging immediate response or engagement from the audience
- pronouns that refer to specific people or things (e.g., I, you, he, she)
- speaking personally to another person or group of people, often by name ✓
- a question designed to make listeners think - it doesn't need a verbal response
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- Why is tone important in a speech?
- it makes you sound like an expert in the subject you're talking about
- you can adapt your tone to suit your audience ✓
- it allows people to hear you more clearly
- you can use tone to speed up or slow down the pace of your speech
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- 'He', 'she', 'you' and 'me' are all examples of personal ______.
- 'pronouns' ✓
- When planning your speech, a great first step is to...
- decide which methods you'll use to engage the audience.
- decide how you will perform the speech to suit your audience.
- decide how many paragraphs you''ll use.
- decide on your initial response to the statement/question/topic. ✓
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- What is repetition?
- the use of metaphors to create imagery
- the consistent use of the same word or phrase to emphasise a point ✓
- the technique of introducing new topics abruptly
- the practice of summarising the main points at the end of a speech
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Exit quiz
- What does impactful mean?
- too long and difficult to follow
- full of weak or inaccurate arguments
- having a strong effect or influence ✓
- interesting and well-delivered
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- What does it mean to emphasise something?
- to briefly mention it in passing
- to ignore it completely
- to contradict it intentionally
- to highlight its importance or significance ✓
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- Which of these is the correct definition of anaphora? When a word or phrase is...
- repeated at the beginning of a number of sentences or clauses. ✓
- repeated at the end of a number of sentences or clauses.
- repeated it the middle of a number of sentences or clauses.
- appears only once in a speech - not repeated at all.
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- What is a refrain?
- a brief summary at the end of a speech
- a repeated line or group of lines in a text or speech ✓
- a type of question you can ask at the beginning of a speech
- the final paragraph of a speech where you summarise your ideas
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- How could the sentence 'Time is running out.' be an impactful refrain?
- it emphasises how long the audience have been listening to the speech
- it emphasises the urgency of the issue and encourage listeners to take action ✓
- it encourage listeners to feel bad for not doing anything to help sooner
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- What do anaphora and refrains have in common?
- They are both types of figurative language.
- They are both types of repetition. ✓
- They are both methods linked to the use of rhyming words.
- They are both methods used to emphasise a particular idea or message. ✓
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Worksheet
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Lesson Details
Key learning points
- Anaphora is the repetition of words that come at the beginning of a sentence, designed to grab the listener’s attention.
- A refrain is a repeated idea or phrase that occurs throughout a speech.
- Repetitious methods like anaphora and refrains help to engage the audience and reinforce central ideas.
- In both cases, the repeated ideas should be important words/phrases that are key to the main argument of your speech.
Common misconception
Anaphora and refrain are the same. They are both types of repetition.
While both anaphora and a refrain are both types of repetition, they function differently. Anaphora occurs when the beginning of a sentence is repeated, whereas a refrain when a key idea is repeated throughout a text, like a chorus in a song.
Keywords
Impactful - having a strong effect or influence
Rhetorical devices - techniques used in writing or speaking to persuade or enhance communication
Emphasise - to give special importance or prominence to something when speaking or writing
Anaphora - when a word or phrase is repeated at the beginning of a number of sentences or clauses
Refrain - a word or phrase that is repeated several times in a piece of writing
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