Starter quiz
- Which of the following is a statistic about stag beetles?
- The larva feeds on decaying wood.
- The larva grows to lengths of up to 11 centimetres. ✓
- The adult beetle lives for only a few months.
- The female beetle does not have oversized mandibles.
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- Which of the following are threats faced by macaroni penguins?
- Climate change is reducing krill numbers. ✓
- There are monitoring programmes at breeding colonies.
- Fishing has reduced the amount of krill and fish. ✓
- Many penguins can't be visited by humans.
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- Which of the following are appropriate expanded noun phrases to replace 'krill' in a non-chronological report?
- delicious creatures
- tiny crustaceans ✓
- disgusting, slimy animals
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- Match the adjectives and nouns to make word pairs to describe the features of macaroni penguins.
- tightly-packed⇔feathers ✓
- orange-brown⇔bill ✓
- distinctive, yellow⇔crest ✓
- oily⇔secretions ✓
- Match the adjectives and nouns to make expanded noun phrases to describe the features of macaroni penguins' diet and habitat.
- shallow, rock-lined⇔scrape ✓
- crowded, populous⇔colony ✓
- protected⇔reserves ✓
- commercial⇔fishing ✓
- Which adjective pair best describes the macaroni penguin's body?
- streamlined, thin
- oily, tightly-packed
- distinctive, powerful
- streamlined, well-insulated ✓
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Exit quiz
- Which sentence contains parenthesis?
- Macaroni penguins live in the Southern Ocean.
- The penguins, which live in the Southern Ocean, are a vulnerable species. ✓
- The macaroni penguin is a vulnerable species.
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- Which sentence has the parenthesis punctuated correctly with commas?
- The penguin's body, which is well-insulated is very streamlined.
- The penguin's body which is well-insulated, is very streamlined.
- The penguin's body, which is well-insulated, is very streamlined. ✓
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- Which of these sentences contains a relative clause as the parenthesis?
- The penguin, a member of the Eudyptes family, is known for its yellow crest.
- The penguin, which is a member of the Eudyptes family, is known for its crest. ✓
- Krill, the main component of their diet, are declining in number
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- Which of these sentences combines the two following facts correctly using parenthesis? 'Krill make up the bulk of the penguin's diet.'; 'They are tiny crustaceans.'
- Krill, which are tiny crustaceans, make up the bulk of the penguin's diet. ✓
- Krill make up the bulk of the penguin's diet and they are tiny crustaceans.
- Krill which are tiny crustaceans, make up the bulk of the penguin's diet.
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- Which sentence uses brackets correctly for parenthesis?
- The macaroni penguin (unlike many other species is vulnerable to extinction.
- The macaroni penguin (unlike many other species) is vulnerable to extinction. ✓
- The macaroni penguin (unlike many other species is vulnerable) to extinction.
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- Which sentence uses brackets correctly to combine the following two facts? 'The penguins live in large colonies.'; 'The colonies have up to 100,000 birds.'
- The penguins live in large colonies of up to (100,000 birds).
- The penguins live in large colonies of (up to 100,000 birds).
- The penguins live in large colonies (of up to 100,000 birds). ✓
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Worksheet
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Presentation
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Lesson Details
Key learning points
- Parenthesis can be achieved with a range of punctuation, including brackets and commas.
- Any type of parenthesis is additional information that can be removed without compromising grammatical accuracy.
- Brackets are useful in non-fiction writing to add extra, factual information.
- Commas can demarcate a relative clause that is inserted into a sentence as parenthesis.
- Commas are also useful to drop information into a clause.
Common misconception
Pupils may find it hard to decide where to insert parenthesis into a sentence.
The parenthesis will usually follow the noun or noun phrase it adds extra information about.
Keywords
Parenthesis - additional information that is added to a sentence; if it is removed, the sentence still makes sense
Brackets - a punctuation mark used to add extra, factual information in a clause
Commas - punctuation used to demarcate a relative clause
Relative clause - a type of subordinate clause that starts with a relative pronoun
Text cohesion - how a text flows to maintain the interest of the reader and achieve text purpose
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