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I can form the pre-cursive letters b, p, h and k.

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Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2023), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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Key learning points

The pre-cursive letters b, p, h and k all have a lead in and a lead out
The pre-cursive letters b, p, h and k all start on the baseline
The pre-cursive letters h and k finish with a curved up stroke on the baseline as the lead out
The letters b, h and k have ascenders
The letter p has a descender

Common misconception

Children may form the print version of the letter and then add the 'lead in' separately.

Model and emphasise saying 'Ready, line, go' to remind them that the letter starts with the lead in on the baseline for pre-cursive letters.

Keywords

Lead in - the stroke or line that guides us into starting a letter
Lead out - the stroke or line that guides us to smoothly finish a letter
Ascender - the part of a letter that extends above the x-height line
Descender - the part of a letter that drops below the baseline

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Hello, everyone.

My name is Miss Afzal, and I'm really thrilled to be here with you because we are going to be practising one of my very favourite things and that is handwriting.

So we gonna get into it.

We're gonna have a go at practising some letters and some patterns.

We're gonna do some warmups.

It's gonna be a great time we'll have, and I hope you're ready.

I hope you're excited too.

Let's get started.

The outcome for today's lesson is, I can form the pre-cursive letters b, p, h, and k.

This is going to be a lot of fun.

Stick around.

Here are our keywords.

Let's do my turn, your turn.

Lead-in.

Lead-out.

Ascender.

Descender.

Great stuff.

I heard those loud and clear, and I hope you'll be thinking about them carefully and looking out for them and listening out for these keywords in today's lesson.

Our lesson: pre-cursive formation of b, p, h, and k has got four parts to it.

I wonder if you can guess what they are? Yes, I think you've got it.

Firstly, forming the pre-cursive letter b.

Next, forming the pre-cursive letter p.

After that we'll be forming the pre-cursive letter h.

And finally, we're forming the pre-cursive letter k.

Let's begin with the b and some warmups, and why are they important? Well, before we start writing, it's important that we warm up our hands and our wrist muscles.

And our hands and our wrists will get stronger when we exercise them.

And warming up your hands before writing will help to improve your handwriting.

And whatever it is that you want to write, if you wanna write stories, if you wanna write letters, if you wanna write notes, if you want to write jokes, if you want to write about your favourite animal or your favourite place in the world, whatever you wanna write, you are gonna do a great job if your hands are warmed up, so you're really ready for handwriting.

Let's have a go at the finger-pull warmup, first of all.

I'll have a go and then it will be your turn.

So I'm going to take my hand and with my other hand, I'm going to pull first of all my thumb, then I'm going to pull each of my fingers and I'm gonna pull and I'm gonna squeeze at the same time.

It feels really good.

It feels like a lovely, nice kind of hand massage, really.

So I'm gonna do the other hand, pulling each of my fingers and squeezing as well.

It's your turn.

Are you ready? Take whichever hand you want to begin with.

I'm gonna start here actually.

And you can start with your thumb and you're just gonna pull and squeeze.

And then the next one.

You're gonna do the same thing for each of your fingers.

It feels really great.

Let's have a go on the other hand.

And we're just going to squeeze and we're gonna pull each of our fingers.

We are getting our hands and our fingers ready and strong for handwriting.

Yes, it feels great.

Next we're going to have a go at the rolling-wrists warmup.

For this, I'm gonna take my hand, actually put it in the same position as I started the last one, and I'm going to imagine that my hand is going to be mixing something really, really delicious to eat.

So maybe you like yummy cakes, you could be mixing some delicious cake mixture.

I really like soups.

I'm gonna pretend I'm mixing my soup in the pan.

So just doing this movement here, and what we're doing is we're rolling our wrist.

So we're gonna go in one direction and then back in the other direction.

I'm going to do that with this hand now as well.

I am stirring my delicious soup.

What's in a soup? Mm, carrots, yummy.

What else is in there? Maybe some potato.

This tastes good.

And I'm going to roll in the other direction.

Okay, now it's your turn.

Choose which hand that you gonna begin with.

Choose, most important decision, what are you going to be mixing? Is it some yummy cookie mixture? Is it a delicious soup? What are you stirring? Just imagine it and rolling your wrist around like this.

Now let's go in the other direction.

Keep stirring.

Mm, keep smelling that delicious food that you're mixing and stirring.

And let's have a go with the other hand.

One direction, stirring, mixing, smelling the delicious food, and going around the other way.

We are making our wrists so strong for handwriting.

This is going to really, really help us.

Plus we get to imagine that lovely food.

Well done, everybody.

You've done a wonderful, wonderful job.

Okay, let's see what's here on our screen.

Do you see the pre-cursive letter b that has appeared in the centre of the screen? Take a very good look at it.

Mm, what is it that you can see? What can you notice? Tell the person next to you everything you notice about this pre-cursive letter b.

And pause the video here.

So I wonder what you came up with.

Did you notice these things? Did you notice that it has a lead-in? Did you notice that it has a lead-out? And that it goes all the way up to the ascender line? Well done, if you spotted these things.

Let's find out a little bit more about the pre-cursive letter b.

This is the pre-cursive formation of the letter b.

The pre-cursive formation of the letter b has a lead-in and it has a lead-out.

So the lead-in will help it to join to the letter that came before it, and the lead-out will help it to join, when we get into cursive, it will help it to join onto the next letter.

The letter b is a tall letter.

The pre-cursive letter b has an ascender, so that means anything that goes up above the x-height line, that's an ascender.

Check for understanding.

Select the true statements.

The letter b is a tall letter.

The letter b is an x-height letter.

The pre-cursive formation of b has a lead-in and out.

The pre-cursive letter b starts on the descender line.

Which of these are true? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done, if you selected a and c.

The letter b is a tall letter.

It goes all the way up to the ascender line, has an ascender.

And the pre-cursive formation of b has a lead-in and a lead-out.

Well done, if you picked these.

It's time to have a go at forming the pre-cursive letter b in the air.

I'm going to have a go first of all, and then it's going to be your turn.

I'm gonna start down on the baseline.

As I do for every pre-cursive letter, I'm gonna say to myself, \"Ready, line, go,\" to remind me to start on that line with a lead-in.

And I'm gonna go all the way up to the ascender line.

Then I'm gonna come straight back down to the baseline, back up to the x-height line, and I'm gonna curl around in a clockwise direction down to the baseline.

And then I'm gonna finish with a lead-out at the baseline.

Let me show you one more time.

Ready, line, go, lead-in all the way up to the ascender line, back down to the baseline, up to the x-height line, curl around clockwise direction, down to the baseline and I'll finish with that lead-out at the baseline.

Okay, it's time for you to have a go.

Get your finger in position on the baseline.

Let's go.

Ready, line, go, lead-in up to the ascender line, all the way down to the baseline, back up to the x-height line, and a clockwise direction down to the baseline, and then lead-out from the baseline.

Let's do one more.

Ready, line, go, lead-in all the way up to the ascender line, down to the baseline, up to the x-height line, clockwise direction go around to the baseline, and then lead-out.

Those bs look fabulous.

Well done, everyone.

I'm gonna show you how to form the pre-cursive letter b.

I'm sitting comfortably.

My pen is in the tripod grip.

I'm gonna say, \"Ready, line, go,\" to remind me to start on that line with a lead-in, and I'm going all the way up to the ascender line.

Then I'm coming back down to the baseline, back up to the x-height line and around in a clockwise direction.

And then from here, when I finish, I'm gonna have a lead-out at the baseline.

Let's try that again.

Ready, line, go, lead-in all the way up to the ascender line, back down to the baseline, up to the x-height line, round in a clockwise direction.

And then I finish with a lead-out from the baseline.

Let me try one more.

Ready, line, go, lead-in up to the ascender line, down to baseline, back up to the x-height line, around in a clockwise direction.

And then there's my lead-out from the baseline.

Check for understanding.

Which is the correct formation of the pre-cursive letter b? Take a look at these three bs.

Choose the correct one, pause the video while you decide.

Well done.

It's that first one.

This first letter b has got the lead-in.

It's going all the way up to the ascender line, back down, around, and then it has the lead-out coming off of the baseline.

Really fantastic job, everyone, in selecting that.

For your task, I'd like you to form the pre-cursive letter b.

First of all, go over the grey examples.

Next, try using the starting dot.

And finally complete two lines independently on your tramlines.

Stay focused, stay in the zone, enjoy the bs.

See you when you're finished.

Pause the video.

We're back together.

Great.

Good to see you again.

So I wanna know all about the bs.

How did you get on with your pre-cursive bs? Did you start on the baseline? Did you remember to lead-in? Did you remember to lead-out? Did you reach all the way up to the ascender line? Did you keep your pencil on the page as you were forming each pre-cursive letter b? Can you identify one particular b that is the absolute best and celebrate.

Fantastic job, team.

Next we're moving on to forming the pre-cursive letter p.

Here it is.

Here's the p right in the middle of our screen.

Have a very close look at it.

Hmm, what do you notice about it? What's special about it? Tell someone next to you, what can you see? Pause the video here.

Okay, so I wonder, did you notice that lead-in? Did you notice the lead-out on the baseline? Did you notice that this letter has a descender? Descend means to go down and it's going down.

It's descending below the baseline, down to the descender line.

Well done, if you noticed these things.

Let's find out more about this curious pre-cursive letter p.

This is the pre-cursive formation of the letter p.

The pre-cursive formation of the letter p has a lead-in and it has a lead-out.

The pre-cursive letter p has a descender it goes down below the baseline, down to the descender line.

Check for understanding, select the true statements.

The letter p starts on the baseline.

The letter p has a dot at the top.

The pre-cursive formation of p does not have a lead-in and out.

The letter p has a descender.

Pause the video while you decide which statements are true.

Well done, if you selected a and d.

The letter p does start on the baseline.

And it has that lead-in starting at the baseline.

And the letter p has a descender that reaches below the baseline down to the descender line.

Well done, if you selected these two.

It's that fun time, forming letters in the air.

We're gonna form the pre-cursive letter p in the air.

I'll go first, use my finger, then it's your turn.

I am starting at the baseline.

I'm gonna say to myself to remind myself to start there, I'm gonna say, \"Ready, line, go.\" There's my lead-in.

You go up to the x-height line, all the way down to the descender line, back up to the x-height line, then you gonna curl around in a clockwise direction to the baseline and then I'm gonna finish at the baseline with a lead-out.

There we go.

Let me try it one more time.

Ready, line, go, lead-in, up to the x-height line, all the way down to the descender line, back up to the x-height line.

Clockwise direction, I'm curling around to the baseline, and then I'll finish at the baseline with a lead-out.

I think that's looking pretty good.

I'm quite proud of myself.

Are you ready? It's your turn.

Let's do it.

Ready, line, go.

Up to the x-height line, all the way down to the descender line, back up to the x-height line, curl around in a clockwise direction to the baseline, and then lead-out from the baseline.

That's looking good.

I think we better do another one, just to make sure that we've got this.

Ready, line, go, lead-in, x-height line all the way down to the descender line, back up to the x-height line, curl around in a clockwise direction, and from the baseline lead-out.

Those look great.

You've smashed this.

Well done, everyone.

I'm going to show you how to form the pre-cursive letter p.

I'm sitting comfortably.

The pen is in the tripod grip.

I'm gonna say to myself, \"Ready, line, go,\" to remind me about that lead-in from the line and I'm gonna go up to the x-height line and I'm gonna go all the way down to the descender line.

I'm gonna go back up to the x-height line, and I'm gonna curl around in a clockwise direction, finishing at the baseline, and from there I'm just gonna give myself a lead-out on the baseline.

Let's try that again.

Ready, line, go.

There's my line for the lead-in, up to the x-height line, all the way down to the descender line, back up to the x-height line, curl around in a anti-clockwise, in a clockwise direction.

And then there's my lead-out.

One more.

Ready, line, go, lead-in up to the x-height line.

Down, down, down to the descender line, back up to the x-height line, clockwise to the baseline.

There's my lead-out on the baseline Check for understanding.

Which is the correct formation of the pre-cursive letter p? Take a look at these three ps and decide which is the one for you, which is the correct formation.

And pause the video while you decide.

Well done, if you selected this p in the middle.

This one has a lead-in and it's sitting correctly between the x-height line and the descender line.

It's going all the way down to descender line, curling around, and then it's also got that lead-out from the baseline, so it's from the baseline going up.

Well done, if you selected this one.

For your task, I'd like you to practise forming the pre-cursive letter p.

First of all, go over the grey examples.

Next, try using the starting dot.

Finally, complete two lines independently on your tramlines.

Enjoy, everyone, see you when you're finished.

Pause the video here.

We're back.

How did it go? I am curious to find out.

Did you start on the baseline? Did you remember that lead-in on the baseline? Did you remember at the end there's also a lead-out at the baseline? Did your p reach all the way down to the descender line? And did you keep your pencil on the page as you formed each of these letter ps? Take a look at them all, which is your best one? Circle it.

Celebrate.

Now it's time to look at forming the pre-cursive letter h.

Here it is.

Here's the pre-cursive letter h.

What do you see? Take a very close look at it.

What do you notice? What do you see? Tell someone next to you everything you notice about it.

Pause the video.

Did you notice the lead-in? Did you notice at the end a little curl up for the lead-out? Did you notice that it's an ascender, has an ascender going all the way up to the ascender line? Great job, if you noticed these things.

Let's find out more about this letter.

This is the pre-cursive formation of the letter h.

The pre-cursive formation of the letter h has a lead-in and it has a lead-out.

The letter h is a tall letter with an ascender.

It goes above the x-height line.

Anything above the x-height line is an ascender.

The pre-cursive letter h has a curved upstroke as the lead-out.

Check for understanding.

Select the true statements.

The letter h is a tall letter.

The letter h is an x-height letter.

The pre-cursive formation of h has a lead-in and out.

The letter h starts on the ascender line.

Choose which of these statements are true.

Pause the video while you decide.

Well done, if you selected a and c.

The letter h is a tall letter, it goes all the way up to the ascender line.

And the pre-cursive formation of h has a lead-in and a lead-out, both on the baseline.

Well done, if you selected these.

It's time for our letter formation.

I'm gonna have a go at forming the letter h in the air, and then you'll have a go afterwards.

Okay, so I'm gonna begin by getting my finger ready at the baseline.

To remind myself to start there, I'm gonna say, \"Ready, line, go.\" And I'm gonna do that little line for the lead-in and I'm gonna go all the way up to the ascender line.

Then I'm gonna come all the way back down to the baseline, to the x-height line, and I'm gonna curl over down to the baseline.

I'm gonna finish with a curved upstroke for my lead-out.

Let's try that again.

Ready, line, go, lead-in all the way up to the ascender line, all the way back down to the baseline.

Gonna go halfway up now to the x-height line, curl over, down to the baseline, and a little curved upstroke for my lead-out.

Okay, it's your turn.

Let's do this.

Ready, line, go, lead-in, up to the ascender line, straight down to the baseline, up to the x-height line, curl over, down to the baseline, and a curved upstroke for the lead-out.

One more.

Ready, line, go, lead-in, ascender line, down to the baseline, up to the x-height line, curl over, down and up for your lead-out.

Those hs look great.

You've done a wonderful job.

Well done, everyone.

I'm going to show you how to form the pre-cursive letter h.

I'm sitting comfortably.

My pen is in the tripod grip.

I'm gonna say to myself, \"Ready, line, go,\" to remind me to start with my lead-in at the baseline, and I'm going all the way up to the ascender line.

Then I'm coming back down to the baseline, then up to the ex-height line.

I'm gonna go over around and I'm gonna finish with a line curved, a kind of curved upstroke as the lead-out on the baseline.

Let's try that again.

Ready, line, go.

There's my lead-in, up to the ascender line, back down to the baseline, up, curl over, back down to the baseline.

There's my curved upstroke as the lead-out.

One more.

Ready, line, go, lead-in, up to the ascender line, down to the baseline.

Curling up and over, and there's my curved upstroke to lead-out.

Check for understanding.

Which is the correct formation of the pre-cursive letter h? Take a look at these three hs.

Hmm, which is the one for you, which is the correct formation? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done, if you selected this h in the middle.

This one has got the lead-in.

It's going all the way up to the ascender line, back down.

It's curling over and it's finishing at the baseline and then it's got the curved upstroke for the lead-out.

Well done, if you selected this one.

For your task, I'd like you to practise forming the pre-cursive letter h.

First of all, go over the grey examples.

Next, try using the starting dot.

And finally, complete two lines independently on your tramlines.

See if you can really, really focus.

See if you can enjoy every single movement that you make as you form these pre-cursive hs.

Pause the video here and I'll see when you're finished.

Great to see you again.

Okay, how did it go? I'm really curious and really interested.

Did you start on the baseline for your pre-cursive h? Did you remember that lead-in? Did you remember at the end the lead-out, the curved upstroke? Did you go all the way up to the ascender line? Take a look at all of these hs.

I know it's probably gonna be hard to decide, but choose one, which is your best? Circle it, celebrate.

Yes.

And now we are going to look at forming the pre-cursive letter k.

Are you ready? Here it comes.

Here's a k right in the middle of our screen.

Take a good look.

Hmm, what do you notice about this pre-cursive k? Pause the video while you tell somebody what you can see.

Did you notice all of these things? So many things to notice.

Did you notice a lead-in? Did you notice that lead-out? It is a little curved upstroke for the lead-out.

Did you notice that the k has an ascender? It goes all the way up to the ascender line.

And this is quite nice, did you notice the loop? I quite like that loop.

Let's find out more.

This is the pre-cursive formation of the letter k.

The letter k starts on the baseline to form the lead-in.

The pre-cursive letter k has an ascender.

It goes all the way up to the ascender line.

And the pre-cursive letter k has a loop and a diagonal line down to the baseline for the lead-out.

Let's have a go at forming the pre-cursive letter k.

I'll go first and use my finger.

Afterwards it will be your turn.

Okay, let's begin.

Down here on the baseline, I'm gonna say to myself, \"Ready, line, go,\" for my lead-in, and I'm going all the way up to the ascender line.

Then I'm coming back down to the baseline and then I'm gonna go halfway up in between the baseline and the x-height line and form a loop that touches the x-height line.

And then I'm gonna form a diagonal line down to the baseline and then a curved upstroke for the lead-out.

Let me show you one more time.

Ready, line, go, lead-in all the way up to the ascender line, straight back down to the baseline, halfway up between the baseline and the x-height line to make a loop, touches the x-height line, then the diagonal down to the baseline, and then I'm gonna go up for my lead-out.

Are you ready? It's your turn.

Ready, line, go.

Lead-in up to the ascender line, down to the baseline.

Just a little way up make that loop.

Then make a diagonal to the baseline and a curved upstroke for your lead-out.

Those ks are looking okay, they're looking okay.

Let's do some more.

Ready, line, go.

Up to the ascender line, all the way back down to the baseline, a little way up make a loop, make a diagonal and a curved upstroke.

I'm loving these ks.

Really great job, everyone.

I am going to show you how to form the pre-cursive letter k.

I'm sitting comfortably, holding my pen in the tripod grip.

I'm gonna say to myself, \"Ready, line, go,\" for that lead-in on the baseline.

I'm gonna go all the way up to the ascender line and I'm gonna come back down to the baseline.

And then, when I'm halfway between the baseline and the x-height line, I'm gonna form a loop that touches the x-height line.

And then I'm going to form a diagonal line down to the baseline and I'm gonna finish with a curved upstroke, which will be my lead-out.

Let's try that again.

Ready, line, go.

There's my lead-in, up to the ascender line, down to the baseline.

Halfway between the baseline and the x-height line I'm gonna form loop, and then a diagonal line down, and a curved upstroke for my lead-out.

One more.

Ready, line, go, lead-in, up to the ascender line, back down to the baseline.

There's my loop.

There's my diagonal line, and there's my lead-out.

Check for understanding.

Select the correct formation of the pre-cursive letter k.

Have a look at these three ks.

Which one is okay for you? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done, if you picked the one above the c.

This k has the lead-in.

It's going all the way up to the ascender line, back down.

It's got the loop and it's got the diagonal line all the way down to the baseline and the lead-out.

Great job, if you've selected this one.

It's time for your task.

For your task, I'd like you to practise for me the pre-cursive letter k.

First of all, go over the grey examples.

Next, try using the starting dot.

Finally, complete two lines independently on your tramlines.

Enjoy every k, enjoy every movement.

Enjoy every loop and diagonal line.

So many things to enjoy forming this letter.

Pause the video here while you have a go at your task.

It's great to see you again, and it's great to see these pre-cursive letter ks, It looks like you've done.

It looks like you've done a great job.

Did you start on the baseline for your lead-in? Did you go all the way up to the ascender line and then back down to the baseline? Did you form a loop? Did you remember your lead-out? Did you have a good time? Did you have fun? That's what all of this is about really.

Circle your best letter k and celebrate.

You really deserve the celebration.

In our lesson pre-cursive formation of b, p, h, and k, we have covered the following: The pre-cursive letters, b, p, h, and k all have a lead-in and a lead-out.

The pre-cursive letters, b, p, h, and k all start on the baseline.

The letters b, h, and k all have ascenders.

And letter p has a descender.

The pre-cursive letters h and k have a curved upstroke as the lead-out on the baseline.

As you can see, there is such a lot that we have covered in this lesson, so really well done for exploring and practising with these four pre-cursive letters.

Well done, everyone, and I'm looking forward to seeing you on the next lesson.

Bye for now.

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