Starter quiz
- A substance in the liquid state has particles that are free to move past their neighbouring particles; this means that liquids can ______ and can take the shape of the bottom of a container.
- 'flow' ✓
- Starting with the lowest, sort the following substances in order of increasing melting point.
- 1⇔a substance with weak forces of attraction between particles
- 2⇔a substance with moderate forces of attraction between particles
- 3⇔a substance with strong forces of attraction between particles
- A substance has a melting/freezing point of 25C. If a sample of this substance is in a container at 25C, which of the following statements is correct?
- The substance must be entirely in the solid state.
- The substance must be entirely in the liquid state.
- The substance could be in the solid or liquid state, or both simultaneously. ✓
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- There is ______ between the particles of a substance in the gas state.
- 'empty space' ✓
- Match each of the following states to the correct description of the movement of particles in that state.
- gas state⇔random movement in all directions ✓
- liquid state⇔movement past neighbouring particles ✓
- solid state⇔only vibrational movement around a fixed position ✓
- True or false? Water can evaporate at temperatures lower than 100C. Select a reason for your answer
- true ✓
- false
- Water can evaporate at temperatures below its boiling point. ✓
- Water can only evaporate at its boiling point.
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Exit quiz
- Which of the following statements about forces of attraction are correct?
- Forces of attraction act in all directions. ✓
- Forces of attraction vary in strength depending on the state of matter. ✓
- Forces of attraction vary in strength depending on the substance. ✓
- In a gas state, particles are held together by forces of attraction.
- In a solid or liquid state, particles are held together by forces of attraction. ✓
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- Water can evaporate at temperatures below its boiling point (100C) because some of its particles have enough ______ to overcome the forces of attraction between them.
- 'energy' ✓
- Which of the following statements about particles in the solid state are correct?
- particles are kept in a fixed position by forces of attraction ✓
- particles are not moving at all
- particles do not have enough energy to overcome forces of attraction ✓
- particles exist in a random arrangement
- particles vibrate around their fixed positions ✓
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- Which of the following statements about particles in the liquid state are correct?
- particles are kept close together by forces of attraction ✓
- particles can move past neighbouring particles ✓
- particles exist in a regular arrangement
- particles have enough energy to partially overcome forces of attraction ✓
- there are no gaps between the particles ✓
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- Which of the following statements about particles in the gas state are correct?
- particles can be forced closer together ✓
- particles can move quickly in all directions ✓
- particles exist in a regular arrangement
- particles have no space between them
- particles have enough energy to completely overcome the forces of attraction ✓
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Which two of the properties in the table can apply to two different states (but not necessarily the same two states).- it will not take the shape of the container; it can flow and be poured
- it will not take the shape of the container; it cannot be compressed
- it can flow and be poured; it cannot be compressed ✓
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Worksheet
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Presentation
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Video
Lesson Details
Key learning points
- There are three states of matter: solid state, liquid state, and gas state.
- A substance in the gas state can be compressed because there is empty space between the particles.
- A substance in the liquid or solid state cannot be compressed because the particles are already touching.
- A substance in the gas or liquid state has no fixed shape as the particles can move past each other.
- A substance in the solid state will not flow because the particles vibrate in a fixed position.
Common misconception
Pupils often think that the particles are embedded in the substance rather than being the substance. Most pupils think that substances in the liquid state will compress a little.
Reinforce that most substances can exist in all three states of matter and when they are in the gas state there is nothing between the particles but empty space.
Keywords
States of matter - The states of matter are used to describe the three physical states that matter commonly exists in: the solid state, liquid state and the gas state.
Particle model - The particle model is a model used to explain the physical properties of substances by describing the arrangement and movement of particles.
Forces of attraction - Forces of attraction are pulling forces that keep particles close together.
Compress - If you compress a substance, it can be made to take up less space than before. Substances in the gas state can be compressed.
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