Starter quiz
- Match the following quantities to the unit it is measured in.
- mass⇔kilograms ✓
- temperature⇔degrees Celsius ✓
- energy⇔joules ✓
- time⇔seconds ✓
- Which of the following objects are made from materials that are thermal insulators?
a frying pan
a plastic cup ✓
a steel can
a wooden spoon ✓
- Complete the statements: Metals are good thermal conductors because they have free ______ which can transfer energy rapidly from one place to another.
- 'electrons' ✓
Why is it important to insulate a loft (attic) in a house?- Heat rises to the top of a house.
- Hot air rises to the top of a house. ✓
- The slates in the roof are good thermal conductors.
- Insulation provides extra heating.
- This is the only place energy can escape from a house.
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- A pupil is investigating the effect of the thickness of wool insulation on the cooling of a hot water bottle. Which of the following is the dependent variable in the experiment?
- starting temperature of water
- mass of water used
- temperature change of water ✓
- insulator thickness
- type of insulator used
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- A pupil records the temperature of a cooling object every 60 s. The recorded temperatures are: 80°C, 75°C, 71°C, 68°C and 66°C. What conclusions can be made from these results?
- The temperature decreases over time. ✓
- The temperature increases over time.
- The rate of cooling is constant.
- The rate of cooling increases over time.
- The rate of cooling decreases over time. ✓
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Exit quiz
- Match the following key words or phrases to their definitions.
- temperature⇔a measure of how hot or cold a substance is ✓
- specific heat capacity⇔change in energy when the temp. of 1 kg of a substance changes by 1°C ✓
- internal energy⇔sum of the kinetic and potential energy of particles in a substance ✓
- kinetic energy⇔the energy an object or particle has because of its motion ✓
- potential energy⇔the energy an object has because of its position and the forces acting ✓
- Which of the following is the correct unit of specific heat capacity?
- joules (J)
- joules per kilogram (J/kg)
- joules per degree Celsius (J/°C)
- joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg/°C) ✓
- kilograms per degree Celsius (kg/°C)
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- Which of the following factors affect the amount of energy transferred to an object when it is heated and its temperature rises?
- The starting temperature.
- The mass of the object. ✓
- The increase in temperature. ✓
- The substance the object is made from. ✓
- The shape of the object.
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- A heater transfers equal amounts of energy to the same mass of different substances. Starting with the greatest, use the information given to sort them into order of their specific heat capacities.
- 1⇔start temperature: 40°C, end temperature: 45°C
- 2⇔start temperature: 40°C, end temperature: 50°C
- 3⇔start temperature: 20°C, end temperature: 35°C
- 4⇔start temperature: 55°C, end temperature: 75°C
- 5⇔start temperature: 10°C, end temperature: 50°C
- A block of iron starts at a temperature of –10°C. It is heated, reaching a temperature of 10°C. Which of the following statements are correct?
- The average speed of the particles has increased. ✓
- The mass of the particles has increased.
- The potential energy of the particles has increased. ✓
- The kinetic energy of the particles has increased. ✓
- The internal energy of the iron has decreased.
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- Water in the liquid state at 100°C turns to water in the gas state at 100°C. Which of the following statements correctly describe what happens?
- The internal energy of the water has increased. ✓
- The kinetic energy of the water particles has increased.
- The potential energy of the water particles has increased. ✓
- There has been no change in energy.
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Worksheet
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Lesson Details
Key learning points
- Different hot metals, of the same mass and starting temperature, heat a fixed amount of water by different amounts.
- The energy a material has because its particles are moving with forces between them can be labelled internal energy.
- The larger the specific heat capacity of a material, the more energy transferred to increase its temperature by 1ºC.
- The larger the specific heat capacity of a material, the more heating it does as its temperature falls by 1ºC.
Common misconception
Pupils confuse ideas about temperature and energy.
Use examples in different contexts to develop and consolidate ideas about differences between temperature and energy.
Keywords
Temperature - a measure of how hot a substance is; it is related to the kinetic energy of the individual particles
Specific heat capacity - the change in internal energy when the temperature of 1 kg of the material changes by 1°C
Internal energy - the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles something is made of
Kinetic energy - the energy an object has because of it's motion
Potential energy - the energy an object has because of its position and the forces acting on it
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