Starter quiz
- Which of the following processes happen when two everyday objects at different temperatures are placed in contact with each other?
- chemical reactions
- thermal conduction ✓
- electrical conduction
- evaporation
- change of mass
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- Which of the following pieces of equipment should be used to measure the change in temperature of a substance?
- a joulemeter
- an ammeter
- a voltmeter
- a thermometer ✓
- a top pan balance
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- Which of the following pieces of equipment should be used to accurately measure the volume of a sample of a liquid?
- a 100 cm³ beaker
- a 250 cm³ beaker
- a 100 cm³ measuring cylinder ✓
- a 250 cm³ measuring cylinder
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- Which of the following are precautions that should be used when heating a beaker of water using a Bunsen burner?
- After heating, allow the apparatus to cool before handling it. ✓
- Use the yellow flame for heating.
- Tie back long hair. ✓
- Always stand up when heating the water. ✓
- Leave the room to avoid the possibility of burns.
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- Which of the following is the correct equation to calculate the energy required to increase the temperature of a material?
- energy required = mass + specific heat capacity + temperature change
- energy required = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change ✓
- energy required = mass × specific heat capacity ÷ temperature change
- energy required = mass × specific heat capacity
- energy required = mass + specific heat capacity × temperature change
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- A block of pure ice is heated in a beaker until it has all melted. Which of the following statements are correct?
- All the ice will melt at the same time.
- The ice will melt gradually over time. ✓
- The particles in the water are different to the particle in the ice.
- The arrangement of the particles changes as the ice melts. ✓
- On average, the particles move faster as the temperature increases. ✓
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Exit quiz
- Match the following key words to their definition.
- melting⇔change of state from a solid to a liquid ✓
- boiling⇔change of state from a liquid to a gas ✓
- freezing⇔change of state from a liquid to a solid ✓
- condensing⇔change of state from a gas to a liquid ✓
- Match the following states of matter to the description of particle behaviour.
- solid⇔Particles vibrate about fixed positions. ✓
- liquid⇔Particles flow past each other. ✓
- gas⇔Particles move freely past each other. ✓
- Why do most solids expand when their temperature increases?
- The particles gain mass, so take up more space.
- The individual particles grow larger, so take up more space.
- The average particle speed increases, so they occupy a larger volume. ✓
- The empty space between particles decreases.
- New particles are made by the extra energy, so the solid takes up more space.
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- Which of the following statements describes what happens when a pure substance boils and changes from a liquid to a gas?
- the temperature gradually decreases
- the temperature remains constant ✓
- the temperature gradually increases
- the change of state happens at an exact temperature ✓
- the change of state can happen over a range of temperatures
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- Which of the following statements describe what happens when a pure substance freezes and changes from a liquid to a solid?
- the temperature gradually decreases
- the temperature remains constant ✓
- the temperature gradually increases
- the change of state happens at an exact temperature ✓
- the change of state can happen over a range of temperatures
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- Equal masses of samples of different substances, X and Y, are heated at the same rate. Substance X has a higher specific heat capacity than substance Y. Which of the following statements is correct?
- The melting point of X and Y are the same.
- The melting point of X must be higher than that of Y.
- The melting point of Y must be higher than that of X.
- Substance X will increase in temperature more quickly than substance Y.
- Substance X will increase in temperature more slowly than substance Y. ✓
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Worksheet
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Presentation
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Lesson Details
Key learning points
- A random error is a chance difference between an observed value and the true value.
- Random errors can be caused by mistakes in taking readings, or by taking a reading at the wrong time.
- The temperature of a melting solid does not change as it heated.
- The temperature of a boiling liquid does not change as it is heated.
Common misconception
The molecules of a substance change when a substance melts or break down into individual atoms when it boils.
Provide opportunity for pupils to describe, in their own words, the effect on particles of the melting and boiling processes.
Keywords
Melting - the change of state from a solid to a liquid that happens at a fixed temperature for pure substances
Boiling - the change of state from a liquid to a gas that happens at a fixed temperature for pure substances
Change of state - changing from a solid to a liquid or liquid to gas (or the reverse)
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