Stem cells in animals | Combined science | Quizalize & Oak National Academy

Starter quiz

How are multicellular organisms organised?

cells, tissues, organ systems

cells, organs, organ systems

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems ✓

cells, organs, tissues

cells, organ system, organs, tissues
Put the following in order starting with the smallest.

1

⇔

gamete

2

⇔

zygote

3

⇔

embryo

4

⇔

foetus

5

⇔

baby
What features does an egg cell have?

lots of chloroplasts

outer jelly layer ✓

lots of mitochondria

nutrient store ✓
True or false? When a cell such as a muscle cell divides by mitosis, stem cells are produced.

True

False ✓
Who is correct?

Andeep: Any cell can become a stem cell.

Alex: All cells were originally a stem cell.

Izzy: All stem cells can become any cell.

Sam: Cells become specialised by genes being switched on and off. ✓
True or false? Only animals have specialised cells.

True

False ✓

True or false? Embryo cells are unspecialised and can become any type of specialised cell.

True ✓

False
Cells that remain unspecialised in an organism are called ______ stem cells.

'adult' ✓
What can adult stem cells found in bone marrow not differentiate into?

white blood cells

nerve cells ✓

platelets

red blood cells
By what process do adult stem cells renew?

'Mitosis' ✓
Who is correct?

Sofia: Specialised cells cannot change back into stem cells. ✓

Laura: Only embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any type of cell. ✓

Izzy: All genes are turned on in all cells.

Andeep: Specialised cells divide by mitosis to produce cells of the same type. ✓
What is the name of the process by which cells become specialised?

'Differentiation' ✓

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An early animal embryo is made of unspecialised cells; these are embryonic stem cells.
Embryonic stem cells can differentiate to become all types of cells in the animal’s body.
As an animal develops into an adult, some cells remain unspecialised; these are adult stem cells.
Adult stem cells can differentiate to become most but not all types of cells in the animal’s body.
An example of adult stem cells in humans (e.g. in bone marrow; these can divide and differentiate to make blood cells).

Adult stem cells don't exist or can differentiate in the same way as embryonic stem cells.

Give examples of adult stem cells and the types of cells they will differentiate into, using examples that pupils might be familiar with.

Embryo - Formed from a zygote by cell division; it is the early stages of development.
Unspecialised cell - A cell with no specific function, but has the capability to turn into different types of cells.
Embryonic stem cell - A cell from an embryo which can differentiate into any type of cell.
Differentiation - The process of an unspecialised cell becoming specialised through the mechanism of turning genes on and off.
Adult stem cell - Can differentiate into related cells.