Starter quiz
- Match the name of the acid to its correct chemical formula.
- Hydrochloric acid⇔HCl ✓
- Sulfuric acid⇔H₂SO₄ ✓
- Nitric acid⇔HNO₃ ✓
- Pair each of the following terms with one of the statements
- Acidic⇔pH 6 ✓
- Basic⇔pH 8 ✓
- Alkali⇔a soluble base ✓
- Corrosive⇔cause chemical burns to skin ✓
- What is the definition of an acid?
- A solution that has a pH of less than 7. ✓
- A solution that has a pH of more than 7.
- A solution that is neutral.
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- What happens during neutralisation?
- A base reacts with another base to form a new element.
- An acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water. ✓
- An acid reacts with an acid to form a gas.
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- Which ion is common in alkaline solutions?
- Hydrogen ion (H⁺)
- Hydroxide ion (OH⁻) ✓
- Sodium ion (Na⁺)
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- Which ion is common in acidic solutions?
- Hydrogen ion (H⁺) ✓
- Hydroxide ion (OH⁻)
- Sodium ion (Na⁺)
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Exit quiz
- What happens during a neutralisation reaction?
- A base reacts with a base to form a salt.
- An acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water. ✓
- An acid reacts with an acid to form a salt.
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- What is a base?
- A substance that forms a gas when it reacts.
- A substance that has a pH less than 7.
- A substance that reacts with an acid to form a salt. ✓
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- When can salts conduct electricity?
- Only when in powder form.
- Only when solid.
- When dissolved in water or molten. ✓
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- Which of the following best describes the structure of a salt?
- A giant, 3D ionic lattice. ✓
- A metallic lattice.
- A simple molecular structure.
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- What is the significance of the empirical formula of a salt?
- It indicates the colour of the salt.
- It provides the ratio of metal to non-metal ions. ✓
- It shows how the ions are arranged in the lattice.
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- What happens to the ions in a salt when it dissolves in water?
- The ions form a gas.
- The ions react with water to form a new compound.
- The ions separate and disperse throughout the solution. ✓
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Worksheet
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Lesson Details
Key learning points
- A salt is formed when an acid neutralises a base.
- Salts are giant, 3D ionic structures that form crystals with regular arrangements of ions.
- The empirical chemical formula of a salt provides the ratio of metal to non-metal ions it contains.
- Acids contain aqueous hydrogen ions, H⁺(aq) and alkalis contain aqueous hydroxide ions, OH⁻(aq).
- During a neutralisation reaction: H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l).
Common misconception
Pupils regularly think that neutralisation produces a neutral (i.e. pH 7) solution.
Stress that neutralisation occurs from a complete reaction between an acid and base, which usually occurs between strong acids and strong bases. If a weak acid or weak base is used, the salt solution produced may be alkaline or acidic respectively.
Keywords
Salt - An ionic compound formed from positive and negative ions electrostatically attracted to each other.
Empirical formula - Shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
Acid - A solution that has a pH of less than 7.
Base - Reacts with an acid to form a salt.
Neutralisation - A chemical reaction between an acid and base, producing a solution of a metal salt and water.
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