Starter quiz
- How is a negative ion formed?
- An atom gains electrons. ✓
- An atom loses electrons.
- An atom shares electrons.
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- Explain how sodium atoms become sodium ions.
- Sodium atoms lose one electron to form a cation. ✓
- Sodium atoms gain an electron to form a cation.
- Sodium ions lose one electron to form an anion.
- Sodium ions gain one electron to form an anion.
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- Which of the following types of bonding occurs between non–metal atoms.
- covalent ✓
- ionic
- metallic
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- Most atoms increase their stability by forming bonds with other atoms so that they have a full ______ of electrons.
- 'outer shell' ✓
- Which of the following are examples of non–metal elements?
- O ✓
- N ✓
- Mg
- Na
- K
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- Sulfur is in Group 6 of the periodic table. Which of the following correctly shows the charge on a sulfur ion?
- S⁶⁻
- S²⁻ ✓
- S⁴⁻
- S⁻
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Exit quiz
- Match the following key terms to their definitions.
- ionic bond⇔The electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely-charged ions. ✓
- lattice⇔The regular arrangement of atoms or ions in a 3D space. ✓
- salt⇔A compound normally containing a metal ion and a non–metal ion. ✓
- ion⇔An atom or molecule with charge due to the gain or loss of electrons. ✓
- A ionic bond is the ______ force of attraction between oppositely–charged ions that acts in all directions.
- 'electrostatic' ✓
What is the name given to the type of model shown in the diagram?- ball–and–stick ✓
- particle
- dot–and–cross
- 2D diagram
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- Which of the following types of structure do ionic compounds form?
- giant covalent structures
- 3D lattices of positively and negatively charged ions ✓
- small, simple molecules
- lattice of positively charged ions in a sea of delocalised electrons
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- Magnesium oxide, MgO, contains ionic bonds. Which of the following statements about magnesium oxide are correct?
- It contains Mg²⁺ and O²⁻ ions. ✓
- One Mg²⁺ ion is attracted to only one O²⁻ ion.
- Mg²⁺ ions attract all nearby O²⁻ ions. ✓
- It contains MgO simple molecules.
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The diagram shows a 3D model of the giant ionic structure of magnesium oxide. What is an advantage of this type of model?- It shows the alternating pattern of positive and negative ions. ✓
- It shows the forces of attraction between the ions.
- It shows how the electrons are transferred.
- It is to scale.
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Worksheet
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Lesson Details
Key learning points
- Salts form ionic structures because they contain metal and non-metal ions.
- In an ionic structure each positive ion attracts the negative ions and vice-versa.
- Metal ions attract all non-metal ions and vice-versa, they bond to the opposite charged ions that are closest.
- An ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely-charged ions acting in all directions.
- Ionic substances are 3D lattices with regular arrangements of ions ( in a repeating pattern of +ve and -ve charge).
Common misconception
That the ionic bond is the transfer of electrons and not the electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions. The ball and stick model implies that there is a physical link between the ions.
Ensure that students have a good understanding of how ions are formed and that ionic bond forms when oppostive ions attract; before moving on to dot and cross diagrams for binary ionic substances.
Keywords
Ionic bond - the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely-charged ions acting in all directions
Ball-and-stick model - used to represent the atoms and bonds in a chemical compound
Lattice - the regular arrangement of atoms or ions in a 3D space
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