Starter quiz
- DNA nucleotide bases code for the amino acids that are used to build proteins. How many bases code for one amino acid?
- '3' ✓
- Which of these molecules is a polymer?
- amino acid
- base
- nucleotide
- protein ✓
-
- Some proteins have an active site that allows them to speed up chemical reactions in cells. What is the name of this group of proteins?
- 'enzymes' ✓
- Which of the following base pairs are found in DNA molecules?
- A – A
- A – G
- A – C
- A – T ✓
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Which part of a DNA molecule carries the instructions for making a protein?- all genes ✓
- some genes
- genes and non-coding DNA
- all non-coding DNA
- some non-coding DNA
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- True or false? Prokaryotic cells such as bacterial cells have no nucleus, so they contain no nucleic acids and can’t use DNA as the molecule that holds the genetic code.
- True
- False ✓
Exit quiz
There are four bases in DNA molecules. Which statement about bases is true?- The bases are A, T C, and H.
- The bases are nucleotides.
- The bases are subunits of nucleotides. ✓
- Different organisms have different bases.
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- To make a protein, the genetic code of one gene is copied into a messenger molecule. What is this messenger molecule called?
- 'mRNA' ✓
- Twenty different amino acids are used to make proteins. The genetic code is a triplet code. Which statement is true about the genetic code?
- There is one triplet code for each amino acid.
- Each amino acid has 20 different triplet codes.
- Each amino acid has 64 different triplet codes.
- Each triplet codes for one amino acid. ✓
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- Match each word to its correct meaning.
- amino acid⇔small molecules that are joined together to make protein polymers ✓
- cytoplasm⇔the fluid part of a cell that contains the organelles ✓
- gene⇔a section of DNA that holds the genetic code to build a protein ✓
- ribosome⇔an organelle that is the site of protein synthesis ✓
- nucleus⇔large organelle that contains the chromosomes ✓
- True or false? Translation is the process of copying the DNA genetic code to make an mRNA molecule.
- True
- False ✓
- Put the events of protein synthesis in the correct order.
- 1⇔The DNA genetic code of a gene is copied to form a messenger molecule, mRNA.
- 2⇔The mRNA detaches from the DNA and is small enough to leave the nucleus.
- 3⇔In the cytoplasm, the mRNA attaches to a ribosome.
- 4⇔Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome.
- 5⇔Amino acids join together in an order determined by the mRNA molecule.
- 6⇔The amino acid chain folds to determine the structure of a protein.
Worksheet
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Presentation
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Video
Lesson Details
Key learning points
- The sequence of nucleotides in a gene is a template for assembling proteins from amino acids in a particular order.
- To make a protein, a copy of a gene is made to form messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus.
- The mRNA leaves the nucleus and moves to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
- Transfer molecules (tRNA) carry specific amino acids to the ribosome.
- The ribosome joins amino acids in an order determined by the sequence of triplet codes in the mRNA.
Common misconception
DNA is the endpoint of a characteristic rather than the fact that it codes for proteins that give a protein; also that all characteristics are visible.
Clear examples, analogies and models to show the code in genes, leads to the order of an amino acids in a protein; examples of structural and functional proteins.
Keywords
Base - The part of the nucleotide that differs between the four types; A, T, C and G.
Amino acid - Small chemical group that makes up a protein polymer, there are 20 types.
Gene - A section of DNA that holds the genetic code for a protein.
Mrna - A copy of a gene that is made and transported from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Ribosome - A structure in all cells whose function is to build proteins.
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