Starter quiz
What does the photograph show?- a DNA molecule
- a model of a DNA molecule ✓
- a cell
- a model of a cell
-
- What is a genome?
- all the DNA in the world
- all the DNA in one species, such as humans
- all the DNA in a single individual ✓
-
- Which type of organism does not store its genome in the cell nucleus?
- animals
- bacteria ✓
- fungi
- plants
-
- True or false? Nucleotides are polymers.
- True
- False ✓
- What is the best description of the structure of DNA?
- A single straight strand of nucleic acid.
- A single strand of nucleic acid twisted into a helix.
- Two strands of nucleic acid joined together to form a ladder-like structure.
- Two strands of nucleic acid joined together and twisted into a double helix. ✓
-
- The term “______ code” is used to describe the order of nucleotides in a gene.
- 'genetic' ✓
Exit quiz
- Genes are instructions to the cell to make what kind of molecule?
- carbohydrate
- DNA
- fat
- protein ✓
-
- The order of nucleotides in a gene controls the structure of a protein. The structure of a protein decides whether it is a structural or ______ protein.
- 'functional' ✓
- Match each word to its meaning.
- enzyme⇔a functional protein that speeds up chemical reactions ✓
- phenotype⇔the physical characteristic of an organism ✓
- protein⇔can be structural or functional; has a structure coded for by a gene ✓
- Which phenotype is determined only by inherited genes?
- skin colour
- muscle mass
- hair length
- blood type ✓
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- The height that a sunflower grows to is part of its phenotype. Which factors affect this phenotype?
- genes only
- environment only
- both genes and environment ✓
- neither genes nor environment
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Order the statements to explain how genes cause the iris of a human eye to have colour.- 1⇔A gene controls eye colour.
- 2⇔Its genetic code is for the structure of an enzyme.
- 3⇔The enzyme allows it to speed up a chemical reaction.
- 4⇔Coloured pigments are produced by chemical reactions in the cells of the iris.
- 5⇔The production of coloured pigments causes the colour of the eye.
Worksheet
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Lesson Details
Key learning points
- The genome stores instructions that are used by cells to make structural and functional proteins (including enzymes).
- The proteins that are made are used to build other structures and control chemical reactions.
- The characteristics of an organism are called the phenotype.
- Some characteristics in an organism’s phenotype are determined only by its genome (e.g. eye colour).
- Most characteristics in the phenotype are influenced by the organism's genome and interaction with its environment.
Common misconception
That all features encoded in the genome are visible in the phenotype.
Give examples of structural and functional proteins that are not visible in an organism's phenotype.
Keywords
Genome - A genome is all of the DNA of an organism.
Gene - A gene is a section of DNA that holds the genetic code for a protein.
Protein - A protein a chemical substance whose structure is coded for by the genetic code in genes.
Phenotype - The phenotype is the physical characteristics of an organism.
Enzyme - An enzyme is a functional protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up chemical reactions.
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